期刊
【关键词】
="quality of lifelivability of environmentindividualsocietal quality of lifeobjectivesubjective quality of lifefactors of quality of lifemeasurement of quality of life"
摘要 :
Measuring quality of life is currently at the forefront of the various fields of science. In spite of a great interest in quality of life and many attempts to measure it, there is no method of quality of life measurement, which is...
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Measuring quality of life is currently at the forefront of the various fields of science. In spite of a great interest in quality of life and many attempts to measure it, there is no method of quality of life measurement, which is grounded methodologically and accepted generally. Quality of life remains a contested concept, which is measured in different ways: analyzing one or several factors of quality of life (material well-being and GDP per person), using objective and subjective dimensions, creating composite indices. Following works and studies of scientists (Cummins, 1996; Diener & Suh, 1997, 1999; Easterlin, 1974, 1995, 2001; Hagerty et al, 2001; Layard, 2005, 2007; Veenhoven, 2000, 2005, 2009), who have analyzed quality of life and its measurement, the present article examines factors determining quality of life and complexity of their measurement. The article raises questions for discussion: what factors are involved in quality of life? How do they determine the quality of life in a particular country? Furthermore, on the basis of theoretical and empirical studies of quality of life, insights into opportunities for the development and implementation of quality of life studies are presented. A special focus of the present article is on complexity of quality of life measurement, which is primarily dependent of the levels and kinds of quality of life identified in the first part of the article. If studies of quality of life are conducted without having first identified its levels and kinds, this reduces validity and reliability of the results. Factors of quality of life and their groups are presented in the second part. It is important to note that in the scientific literature only premises for the identification and systematization of factors of quality of life and for analyzing their interrelationships are mentioned, while a wide range of quality of life factors and their different classifications only create a great confusion in quality of life research. Theoretical studies of quality of life measurement indicate that the analysis of one or several factors of quality of life fails to do justice to the topic of quality of life measurement. Measurement of quality of life requires systemic approach involving identification of factors of quality of life and determination of their interrelationships. Finally, on the basis of theoretical studies of quality of life and empirical research in this field, factors of quality of life are identified, categorized, and united in a single model. In the model of measurement of quality of life two environments of quality of life are identified - external and internal environment of quality of life. They in turn are divided into four groups of factors, including natural, political, social and economic environments as well as physical, personal developmental, social and material well-beings, which constitute the basis of the theoretical model for measurement of quality of life. The authors of the article believe that the concepts involving multiple criteria, which are determined by several groups of factors, different factors and indicators reflecting them, are best measured by means of indexes.
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摘要 :
This article presents the framework of a dynamic approach to quality of life (QOL) enhancement based on the conceptualization and measurement of individual-referenced quality of life. Sections of the article summarize the premises...
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This article presents the framework of a dynamic approach to quality of life (QOL) enhancement based on the conceptualization and measurement of individual-referenced quality of life. Sections of the article summarize the premises of QOL enhancement, provide the rationale for a dynamic approach to QOL enhancement, discuss six components of QOL enhancement, and discuss the parameters of an emerging theory of quality of life and the contributions such a theory would make to service delivery, policy development, and QOL-related research.
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Pregnancy is a period of transition with important physical and emotional changes. Even in uncomplicated pregnancies, these changes can affect the quality of life (QOL) of pregnant women, affecting both maternal and infant health....
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Pregnancy is a period of transition with important physical and emotional changes. Even in uncomplicated pregnancies, these changes can affect the quality of life (QOL) of pregnant women, affecting both maternal and infant health. The objectives of this study were to describe the quality of life during uncomplicated pregnancy and to assess its associated socio-demographic, physical and psychological factors in developed countries. A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Searches were made in PubMed, EMBASE and BDSP (Public Health Database). Two independent reviewers extracted the data. Countries with a human development index over 0.7 were selected. The quality of the articles was evaluated on the basis of the STROBE criteria. In total, thirty-seven articles were included. While the physical component of QOL decreased throughout pregnancy, the mental component was stable and even showed an improvement during pregnancy. Main factors associated with better QOL were mean maternal age, primiparity, early gestational age, the absence of social and economic problems, having family and friends, doing physical exercise, feeling happiness at being pregnant and being optimistic. Main factors associated with poorer QOL were medically assisted reproduction, complications before or during pregnancy, obesity, nausea and vomiting, epigastralgia, back pain, smoking during the months prior to conception, a history of alcohol dependence, sleep difficulties, stress, anxiety, depression during pregnancy and sexual or domestic violence. Health-related quality of life refers to the subjective assessment of patients regarding the physical, mental and social dimensions of well-being. Improving the quality of life of pregnant women requires better identification of their difficulties and guidance which offers assistance whenever possible.
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Quality of life is a social construct that is measured by what are considered to be its most appropriate indicators. Quality of life measurement in intellectual disability reflects a variety of indicators, often grouped under life...
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Quality of life is a social construct that is measured by what are considered to be its most appropriate indicators. Quality of life measurement in intellectual disability reflects a variety of indicators, often grouped under life domains. Subjective and objective methods of measuring indicators each have strengths and drawbacks, but it is currently considered best to use both methods. Indicators of quality of life that are common to all people have been measured to date, although indicators that are unique to individuals are highly useful for enhancing individual development and for applying person-centered practice. Aggregate quality of life data from individuals may not always be the best source of information for evaluating policies and service practices. A case is made for supplementing quality of life frameworks or adopting other frameworks for these purposes, with the Capabilities Framework offered as an example. Further, an argument is made that a pragmatic approach might best be taken to policy and program evaluation, whereby the key criterion for using a conceptual framework and set of indicators is its usefulness in effecting positive change in people's lives.
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Objective: to compare the quality of life of liver transplant patients who received liver from donor aged ≤60 or >60 years old. Methods: a prospective study with a sample of 141 recipients from liver donors aged equal to or less ...
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Objective: to compare the quality of life of liver transplant patients who received liver from donor aged ≤60 or >60 years old. Methods: a prospective study with a sample of 141 recipients from liver donors aged equal to or less than 60 years and recipients of elderly donor liver, in a reference center. Authors used a tool for identification and the Short Form-36. The Student-t and Mann-Whitney tests were applied for comparison between groups. Results: there were higher levels of quality of life with a statistically significant difference: Group A in social aspect (p=0.02) and Group B >50 months of transplantation (p=0.05) in physical component summary. Conclusion: the quality of life of liver receptors from older donor livers was similar to those who received a graft from younger donors in most dimensions. Transplanting time had a positive impact on the quality of life of elderly recipients.
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Раскрывается стохастическая модель балансовой оценки процессов применительно к диагностике качества жизни сельского насел...
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Раскрывается стохастическая модель балансовой оценки процессов применительно к диагностике качества жизни сельского населения. Качество жизни (англ. - quality of life, нем. - lebensqualitat) - это категория, с помощью которой характеризуют существенные обстоятельства жизни населения, определяющие степень достоинства и свободы личности каждого человека. Качество жизни нетождественно уровню жизни, включая и другие виды его определения, например, жизненные стандарты (living standarts), поскольку различные экономические показатели дохода выступают только одним из многих (как правило, не менее пяти) критериев качества жизни [1].
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Cancer, in Europe, is the second cause of death. In addition, there is an unacceptable variability in terms of access to innovation, quality of care, and outcomes, within and between countries. The European Union has activated an ...
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Cancer, in Europe, is the second cause of death. In addition, there is an unacceptable variability in terms of access to innovation, quality of care, and outcomes, within and between countries. The European Union has activated an unprecedented initiative to fight cancer by launching Europe's Beating Cancer Plan and the Cancer Mission. The goals are to reduce mortality, increase survival, and ameliorate quality of life by increasing knowledge, improving quality of care, and reducing inequalities through interventions on actionable determinants of variability. A competitive call was launched with the objective to develop and validate a set of quality of life and patient preference measures for cancer patients and survivors, to be used for routine data collection all over Europe. A consortium, the EUonQoL, was funded, including partners from 41 countries with 55 participants. It will start the activities on January 2023 and rresults are expected by December 2024.
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Background Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is a heterogeneous condition involving retro(micro)gnathia, glossoptosis and upper airway obstruction, very often with posterior cleft palate. Patients with PRS, either isolated or associated...
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Background Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is a heterogeneous condition involving retro(micro)gnathia, glossoptosis and upper airway obstruction, very often with posterior cleft palate. Patients with PRS, either isolated or associated with Stickler syndrome have good intellectual prognosis. Nevertheless, the quality of life in adolescence and the phonatory and morphological outcomes are rarely analysed. We assessed the phonatory and morphological outcomes of 72 cognitively unimpaired adolescents with PRS, studied their oral (COHIP-SF19), vocal (VHI-9i) and generic quality of life (QoL; KIDSCREEN-52), and searched for determinants of these outcomes. Results Two-thirds of our adolescents retained low or moderate phonation difficulties, but risk factors were not identified. For 14%, morphological results were considered disharmonious, with no link to neonatal retrognathia severity. Only one vs?two-stage surgery seemed to affect final aesthetic results. The oral QoL of these adolescents was comparable to that of control patients and was significantly better than that of children with other craniofacial malformations (COHIP-SF19?=?17.5, 15.4 and 25.7, respectively). The oral QoL of the adolescents with non-isolated PRS was significantly worse (COHIP-SF19?=?24.2) than that of control patients and close to that of children with other craniofacial malformations. The vocal QoL of the adolescents (mean [SD] VHI-9i?=?7.5 [5.4]) was better than that of patients with other voice pathologies and better when phonation was good. The generic QoL of the adolescents was satisfactory but slightly lower than that of controls, especially in dimensions concerning physical well-being, relationships and autonomy. QoL results were lower for adolescents with non-isolated than isolated PRS. Only non-isolated PRS and low oral QoL affected generic QoL. Conclusion Morphological or phonatory impairments remain non-rare in adolescents with PRS but do not seem to be directly responsible for altered QoL. These adolescents, especially those with non-isolated PRS, show self-confidence and social-relation fragility. We must focus on long-term functional and psychological results for PRS patients and improve therapy protocols and follow-up, notably those affecting the oral aspects of the disease.
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The focus of this column is to provide a brief overview of several conceptual analyses of quality of life along with their resulting definitions. A discussion of the more specific construct of health-related quality of life in ter...
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The focus of this column is to provide a brief overview of several conceptual analyses of quality of life along with their resulting definitions. A discussion of the more specific construct of health-related quality of life in terms of chronic illness is considered followed by an in-depth review of health-related quality of life measurement instruments. Finally, the idea of health-related quality of life considered as input to decision-making instead of designated as an outcome measure is proposed.
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Fatigue is the most common symptom associated with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). The objective of this analysis was to estimate values that would suggest a clinically important change (CIC) for the functional assessme...
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Fatigue is the most common symptom associated with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). The objective of this analysis was to estimate values that would suggest a clinically important change (CIC) for the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy-fatigue scale (FACIT-Fatigue) in patients with PNH.Adults with PNH who initiated eculizumab within 28 days of enrollment in the International PNH Registry as of January 2021 with baseline FACIT-Fatigue scores were included in the analysis. Distribution-based estimates of likely difference were calculated using 0.5 × SD and SEM. Anchor-based estimates of CIC considered the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) global health status/quality of life summary score and the EORTC Fatigue Scale score. Changes in anchors and high disease activity (HDA) shift from start of eculizumab treatment to each follow-up visit were then assessed by FACIT-Fatigue score change (≤ 1 CIC, no change, or ≥ 1 CIC).At baseline, 93% of 423 patients had fatigue documented in their medical history. The distribution-based estimates for FACIT-Fatigue were 6.5 using 0.5 × SD and 4.6 using SEM; internal consistency was high (α = 0.87). For anchor-based estimates, the FACIT-Fatigue CIC ranged from 2.5 to 15.5, and generally supported 5 points as a reasonable lower end of the value for meaningful individual change. The percentage of patients who changed from having HDA at baseline to no HDA at eculizumab-treated follow-up visits increased over time.These results support the use of 5 points as the CIC for FACIT-Fatigue in patients with PNH, which is within range of the CICs reported in other diseases (3–5 points).
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